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Typhoon Etau, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Kabayan, produced near-record winds and rainfall in Japan in August 2003. The tenth named storm and fifth typhoon of the 2003 Pacific typhoon season, Etau developed on August 2, and gradually intensified while moving to the northwest. Etau formed an eye and became a large storm by the time it approached Okinawa on August 7. The typhoon attained peak winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) before weakening slightly while turning to the northeast. Etau made landfall on the Japanese island of Shikoku on August 8, and later moved across portions of Honshu and Hokkaido. After weakening to tropical storm status, the cyclone became extratropical on August 9 and dissipated three days later. While passing northeast of the Philippines, the typhoon caused light damage in the archipelago. The eye crossed over Okinawa, where Etau left 166,800 people without power and caused 10 injuries. Near where Etau first struck Japan, Muroto reported a peak wind gust of 166 km/h (103 mph), at the time the third strongest on record there. The typhoon also dropped torrential rainfall peaking at . The combination of winds and rainfall caused landslides, particularly on Hokkaido. Nationwide, Etau killed 20 people, destroyed 708 houses, and caused ¥35.1 billion (JPY, $294.8 million USD) in damage. ==Meteorological history== The origins of Typhoon Etau were from an area of convection that persisted along the west side of a weak circulation near Chuuk State on July 31. With initially moderate but steadily decreasing wind shear, the system was able to organize as it moved generally westward.〔 On August 2, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories on Tropical Depression 11W. That day, another circulation was developing on the western side of the system, briefly classified by the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau as a tropical depression. The eastern circulation became dominant with pronounced outflow to the south, although it was initially broad and elongated. Later on August 2, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression to the northeast of Yap.〔 With a subtropical ridge in the vicinity of the Marianas Islands, the nascent depression moved to the northwest.〔 On August 3, the JMA upgraded the depression to tropical storm status, naming it Etau.〔 An upper-level low to the northeast improved northerly outflow, allowing the storm to strengthen quickly.〔 On August 4 the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) began issuing advisories as the storm approached the region, naming it Kabayan.〔 Late on August 4, the JMA upgraded Etau to typhoon status,〔 with the storm later developing an eye. An approaching shortwave trough weakened the ridge, causing Etau to turn more to the north.〔 At around 0030 UTC on August 7, the typhoon made its closest approach to Okinawa,〔 passing within 120 km (75 mi), and close enough for the 100 km (60 mi) wide eye to cross over the island.〔 Later that day, the JMA estimated peak maximum sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph), sustained over a duration of 10 minutes;〔 the JTWC estimated 1 minute winds of 205 km/h (125 mph).〔 After reaching peak winds, Etau began turning to the north-northeast due to the approaching trough, passing near Amami Ōshima. By that time, the typhoon had become large, with gale force winds extending 870 km (540 mi) in diameter.〔 Increasing wind shear and cooler air caused Etau to weaken.〔 The typhoon still maintained 10 minute winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) when it made landfall near Muroto on the Japanese island of Shikoku, shortly before 1300 UTC on August 8. Continuing northeastward, the typhoon weakened into a severe tropical storm as it passed near Awaji Island, before making landfall on Honshu near Nishinomiya at 2100 UTC on August 8.〔 While accelerating to the northeast, Etau lost tropical characteristics over land. After briefly reaching open waters to the northeast of Honshu, the storm made its final landfall near Erimo, Hokkaido at 1630 UTC on August 9, shortly before becoming extratropical. This was based on analysis from the JMA,〔 whereas the JTWC assessed the storm remaining offshore Hokkaido.〔 The remnants of Etau entered the Sea of Okhotsk and persisted for several more days, dissipating on August 12 to the west of the Kamchatka Peninsula.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Typhoon Etau (2003)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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